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"Long before it's in the papers"
December 19, 2005

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Revealed in fossil poop: dinosaurs ate grass

Nov. 17, 2005
Courtesy Science
and World Science staff

Scientists say they have found the first evidence for grass-eating dinosaurs. But perhaps unsurprisingly, they say grass doesn’t seem to have been the reptiles’ favorite food.

Pleurocoelus, a sauropod dinosaur like the ones found in a new study to have eaten grass, faces off against a smaller predator. (Image courtesy Texas State Legislature)

Researchers found tiny bits of silica, a glass-like substance produced by grass, in the fossilized dung of sauropod dinosaurs. Sauropod dinosaurs, huge plant-eaters with small heads and long necks and tails, are the largest known land animals. 

The dinosaurs in this study lived in present-day India about 65 million years ago, shortly before dinosaurs died out.

This finding will help scientists understand the evolution of grasses and dinosaur ecology, the researchers said.

Dinosaurs aren’t traditionally considered grass-eaters, simply because grass wasn’t thought to have been common in their times, researchers said. 

Thus, “dioramas in museums have long depicted dinosaurs as grazing on conifers, cycads [a type of tropical plant] and ferns in landscapes without grasses,” wrote researchers with the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C., in the Nov. 18 issue of the research journal Science.

But the study, published in the same issue of the journal, seems to have changed that view, they added.

The research, by Vandana Prasad at Birbal Sahni Institute of Paleobotany and Paleozoology in Lucknow, India, examined distinctive silica structures called phytoliths. They’re known to form in the cells and tissues of grass and other plants. 

The varied grass-specific phytoliths found in the fossilized dinosaur dung suggest grass had evolved to be considerably more diverse by that time than is generally believed, the scientists said. 

But grasses don’t seem to have beeen the primary food of sauropod dinosaurs, the researchers remarked. That conclusion was based on the small amount of grass phytoliths found in the fossilized dung.

Certain early mammals with enigmatic teeth that appear suited for handling abrasive materials may have also eaten grass, according to the authors.

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